AGP Executive Report

Chemical Weapons Sanctions: The US State Department imposed fresh sanctions on Sudan’s government, alleging use of chemical weapons in the war, tightening financing and airspace access while Khartoum denies the claims. Health Funding Gap: WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean office urgently seeks $6.42m to keep health and nutrition services running across Somalia, Sudan and Djibouti, citing closures of health facilities and ongoing outbreaks. War’s Direct Health Toll: Reports from El Obeid describe drone strikes hitting civilians and water services, underlining how attacks disrupt basic care and daily survival. Women and Care Access: UNFPA warns that women and girls face the worst burdens in Sudan’s crisis, including pregnant people giving birth without adequate medical care amid shortages and damaged services. Gender-Based Violence Spotlight: Coverage highlights the sharp rise in gender-based violence during the civil war and the growing lack of protection services. Sudan’s War Economy: UN reporting links Sudan’s war economy—especially gum arabic trade—to conflict financing and wider humanitarian harm. Transport Strain in Khartoum: A worsening transport crisis is pushing families to choose between fares and essentials like food and medicine as vehicle shortages and damaged roads raise costs. Health-Tech Investment (Regional): Egypt’s Reme-D raised $1.45m to expand molecular diagnostics for TB, HIV, hepatitis and HPV—relevant for regional lab capacity and disease detection.

Gender-Based Violence in War: UN Women says women and girls needing support after gender-based violence nearly doubled in two years and quadrupled since the war began, with conflict reshaping roles while driving poverty, school dropouts, and extortion and violations by security actors. Maternal Care Under Strain: UNFPA warns pregnant women are being forced to give birth without basic medical care as health services, water, electricity, and access to hospitals collapse—especially in Kordofan, Blue Nile, and White Nile. Attacks on Civilians and Health: The EU reiterates that international humanitarian and human rights law must be respected, including protection of women and girls and civilian infrastructure like hospitals and health facilities. Khartoum Transport Crisis: In the capital, rising fares and fewer operating vehicles are forcing families to choose between commuting and essentials like food and medicine, with damaged roads and closures worsening access to care. Gum Arabic War Economy: Reporting highlights how war and displacement are crippling Sudan’s gum arabic producers, while UN warnings link the trade to conflict financing and wider humanitarian harm. Immunisation Pressure: WHO and UNICEF warn funding gaps could reverse gains as millions of children remain unprotected, with Sudan facing severe needs amid ongoing insecurity.

Sudan Health & Access: Khartoum’s war-hit transport system is making it harder to reach hospitals and clinics as fuel costs, vehicle shortages, and damaged roads push fares up and lengthen journeys. War Economy & Health Risks: UN reporting links Sudan’s gum arabic trade and wider war economy to conflict financing, raising pressure on humanitarian access and basic services. Gum Arabic Producers Under Strain: In Blue Nile, RSF attacks have displaced gum arabic producers, destroying forests and harvests and forcing families into aid dependence. Public Health in the Field: In Suluq, authorities shut livestock markets and launched disinfection after suspected foot-and-mouth disease, with veterinary teams collecting samples as cattle deaths rise. FGM & Child Protection: A Netherlands risk alert flags 2,600 girls at potential risk of female genital mutilation during summer travel, including communities from Sudan and neighboring countries. El Niño Preparedness: Climate experts warn El Niño could worsen heat, floods, and drought across Eastern and Southern Africa, threatening nutrition, water, and health systems.

Sudan Health & Access: In Khartoum, getting to work, hospital, or school is increasingly a survival gamble as transport fares rise, vehicle shortages worsen, and damaged roads force longer, costlier journeys—hitting access to medicine and basic services. Humanitarian Hunger: WFP warns hunger is deepening for displaced families in El Obeid, with reduced food rations shared among households and urgent calls to scale up aid beyond 100,000 people as funding gaps bite. Conflict & Care Disruption: In Al-Dabba, clashes in a crowded market left civilians injured and RSF shelled an electricity substation, raising fears of a deliberate push to disrupt essential services and delay medical response. Disease Risk in the Region: UN-linked reporting highlights how Sudan’s war economy and insecurity are worsening disease spread, while cholera remains a live threat across the wider region. Public Health Policy: EU sanctions targeting Sudan’s gold trade aim to choke war financing—an indirect but important factor for health system stability and humanitarian access.

Health Access Under Strain in Khartoum: Rising transport fares and shrinking vehicle supply are forcing Khartoum families to choose between commuting and essentials like food and medicine, as damaged roads and service limits worsen daily costs. Hunger in El Obeid: WFP warns displaced families in El Obeid are receiving reduced rations that are shared, with urgent needs for food and nutrition support for tens of thousands. Conflict Hits Civilian Care: In Al-Dabba, clashes in a crowded market left civilians injured, while RSF shelled an electricity substation—raising fears of wider disruption to basic services and medical treatment. EU Sanctions and Sudan’s War Economy: The EU moves to curb Sudan’s gold-linked revenue streams by banning purchase/import/transfer of Sudanese gold and restricting key chemicals used in extraction, aiming to cut financing for armed groups. Cholera Update—Zambia Declares End, Sudan Still at Risk: Zambia reports its 2025 cholera outbreak is over, but WHO notes cholera remains a threat in Sudan amid war and rainy-season conditions. Immunisation Alarm: WHO and UNICEF warn funding gaps could reverse gains, with millions of children still missing routine vaccines—an issue that compounds outbreak risk in conflict zones. Regional Health Security—El Niño Warning: Climate experts urge early action as El Niño may bring heat, floods, and drought across Eastern and Southern Africa, threatening nutrition, water, sanitation, and health systems.

El Niño Preparedness: Climate experts warn El Niño is strengthening fast, raising the risk of heatwaves, floods and droughts across Eastern and Southern Africa—threatening food, nutrition, water, sanitation and health systems already under strain. Sudan Hunger in El Obeid: WFP says hunger is worsening for displaced families in El Obeid, with reduced rations shared among households and urgent needs for scale-up; nutrition support is reaching 17,000 children but funding gaps remain. War Economy & Health Impacts: UN reporting highlights how Sudan’s gum arabic and gold trade helps sustain armed groups, deepening insecurity that disrupts services and worsens public health. EU Gold Sanctions: The EU moves to curb Sudan’s war financing by banning purchase/import/transfer of Sudanese gold and restricting mercury and cyanide exports used in extraction. Civilian Harm in Al-Dabba: Sudan Doctors Network reports clashes in Al-Dabba market and shelling of an electricity substation, raising fears of severe knock-on effects for medical care and daily survival. Gen. Moses Ali Health Concern: Uganda media reports mounting concern over Gen. (Rtd) Moses Ali’s condition at Nakasero Hospital, with family members gathering as officials confirm he is under medical care.

Al-Dabba Violence and Service Attacks: Sudan Doctors Network reports heavy clashes in Al-Dabba’s market, followed by RSF shelling of an electricity substation—raising fears of deliberate disruption of civilian life and urgent medical needs. Gum Arabic War Economy: A UN human rights report says Sudan’s gum arabic and looted gold revenues help sustain the SAF–RSF conflict, with downstream risks for global supply chains and pressure on companies and states tied to the trade. Cholera Risk from Drone Attacks: OCHA warns drone strikes are worsening humanitarian conditions as cholera spreads into new areas across Darfur and Kordofan, with new suspected cases and deaths reported in multiple localities. El Obeid Humanitarian Strain: MSF describes El Obeid in North Kordofan as “very dire,” citing increased drone strikes that strain access to water, shelter, fuel, and lifesaving care. Immunisation Gaps in the Region: WHO/UNICEF data highlights millions of children still missing routine vaccines, underscoring how conflict and displacement keep zero-dose children out of protection. War’s Human Toll After Three Years: An IPS report says survivors and rights defenders face escalating abuses—torture and sexual violence—while global attention remains limited.

War Economy & Human Rights: A UN report says looted gold and gum arabic are being used to bankroll Sudan’s fighting, with gum arabic described as a major revenue source for SAF and RSF and linked to threats, detention, looting and extortion. Sanctions & Health Supply Chains: The EU moves to curb Sudan’s war economy by banning Sudanese gold imports and restricting exports of mercury and cyanide used in mining—measures that could ripple into health-related supply chains. Cholera & Drone Attacks: OCHA reports cholera spreading into new areas across Darfur and Kordofan as drone strikes hit fuel stations, roads and towns, disrupting water access and lifesaving care. El Obeid Health Strain: MSF warns that drone attacks near El Obeid are squeezing essential services in North Kordofan, raising barriers to safe water and medical access. Immunisation Pressure: WHO/UNICEF data show global vaccination gains are fragile, with millions of “zero-dose” children still unprotected—conflict-affected settings including Sudan remain at high risk. Infrastructure Hit: An RSF drone strike targeted a power station in northern Sudan, causing outages and minor injuries to a security guard, worsening conditions for healthcare delivery.

Child Immunisation Gap: New UN/WHO-UNICEF data shows global vaccination is inching up, but 13.5 million infants still received no routine vaccines in 2025—leaving outbreaks like measles a constant threat. Sudan Vaccines Under Strain: Sudan’s conflict-linked “zero-dose” problem remains part of the wider global immunisation stall, with funding gaps and displacement eroding trust and access. Cholera Risk Escalates: OCHA warns cholera is spreading into new areas of Darfur and Kordofan as drone attacks endanger civilians and disrupt aid, with new suspected cases reported in displacement camps and localities. War Economy, Health Fallout: A UN human rights report says Sudan’s war economy—especially the gum arabic trade—helps sustain fighting and exposes workers and supply chains to serious abuses, urging traceability and conflict-sensitive due diligence. Drone Attacks Hit Services: Reports of RSF drone strikes damaging power infrastructure in northern Sudan highlight how attacks on basic services worsen health risks during outbreaks.

Sudan War Economy & Human Rights: A UN Human Rights Office report says Sudan’s “war economy” is becoming self-perpetuating as SAF and RSF profit from controlling territory, trade routes, and commodities—highlighting gum arabic as a key example used in soft drinks, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Sanctions Targeting War Finance: The EU expanded pressure on Sudan by banning gold imports and restricting exports of mercury and cyanide used in mining, aiming to cut resources fueling the conflict. Immunisation Under Strain: WHO and UNICEF report modest global vaccination gains in 2025, but 13.5 million children still missed all routine vaccines; measles outbreaks hit 57 countries as coverage falls short of the 95% threshold. Funding Gap Risk: WHO/UNICEF warn that immunisation progress in lower-income countries could unravel if funding shortfalls continue, even as Gavi-backed programmes immunised 73 million children in 2025. Health Sector Partnerships: India and Sudan advanced a “Medicine Corridor” plan to boost pharma and healthcare investment and rebuild Sudan’s health system. Ebola Research Update: WHO discusses progress on Ebola countermeasures for the Bundibugyo strain, noting current options are limited and new candidates are being evaluated.

War Economy Watch: A UN human rights report says Sudan’s army and RSF keep the conflict going by exploiting territory, trade routes and commodities, with gum arabic highlighted as a key example of how resource sales can fuel abuses and prolong fighting. EU Sanctions for Health Security: The EU has banned purchase, import and transfer of Sudanese gold and also restricted mercury and cyanide exports used in mining—moves aimed at cutting war finance that worsens hunger and health access. Immunisation Funding Alarm: WHO and UNICEF warn that funding gaps could reverse routine immunisation gains in lower-income countries; globally 13.5 million children were “zero-dose” in 2025, and conflict-hit settings like Sudan remain especially vulnerable. Sudan–India Healthcare Link: India and Sudan advanced a strategic healthcare partnership through an India–Sudan Medicine Corridor roundtable, with Sudan’s health minister inviting Indian pharma and healthcare investment to support rebuilding and modernising services. Public Health Risk Context: UN reporting also flags cholera and humanitarian strain in Sudan, with insecurity and disrupted services threatening outbreaks and child health.

EU Sanctions on Sudan’s Gold Trade: The European Union has banned the purchase, import, and transfer of Sudanese gold and restricted exports of mercury and cyanide used in gold mining, aiming to cut war funding while allowing exemptions for humanitarian and public health needs. Humanitarian Health Pressure: The move lands as Sudan’s conflict continues to drive displacement, hunger, and collapsing access to basic services, with UN-linked reporting warning of worsening conditions and rising disease risk. Ebola Treatment Progress (Regional Health Signal): In the ongoing Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak, an investigational antiviral (galidesivir) is being tested in people under WHO’s MEURI framework, highlighting how emergency research is moving even amid fragile health systems. Accountability in War Crimes: A Sudanese court sentenced RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti) to death in absentia over atrocities in West Darfur, a development that may shape future justice efforts and humanitarian planning.

Cholera & water crisis: UN and WHO warnings say Sudan’s cholera outbreak is likely to worsen as drone strikes, siege conditions, and the rainy season strain already broken water and health services, with El Obeid’s supply reported at about 20% of needs and suspected cases emerging. Child malnutrition: OCHA warns 825,000 children under five face severe acute malnutrition in 2026 without faster access to food, healthcare, and humanitarian support. Conflict accountability: A Sudanese court sentenced RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (“Hemedti”) to death in absentia over war crimes and genocide tied to West Darfur atrocities, including attacks on civilians and targeting of schools and worship sites. EU sanctions on war funding: The EU banned purchase/import/transfer of Sudanese gold and restricted exports of mercury and cyanide used in mining, aiming to cut revenue feeding the SAF–RSF war, with humanitarian exemptions. Regional health-linked economy: Jordan and Sudan discussed investment and reconstruction cooperation, including logistics and medical tourism, as business groups push for stronger trade links and a clearer investment database.

Cholera & water crisis: The WHO warns Sudan’s cholera outbreak could worsen as war, displacement, and the rainy season drive more waterborne spread; in parallel, UN agencies say drone attacks in Kordofan are crippling water access and deepening the humanitarian emergency, including suspected cholera cases in El Obeid where supplies are down to about 20% of need. Humanitarian access under fire: OCHA reports repeated strikes on civilian vehicles and water trucks, while aid teams struggle to reach affected communities. Accountability in court: A Sudanese court in Port Sudan sentenced RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (“Hemedti”) to death in absentia over war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide tied to atrocities in West Darfur, including attacks on civilians and targeting of schools and worship sites. Sanctions hitting conflict finance: The EU bans imports of Sudanese gold and prohibits exports of mercury and cyanide used in mining, aiming to cut funding streams to the SAF–RSF war while allowing limited humanitarian and public health exceptions. Detention rights alarm: Sudan’s National Human Rights Commission says it documented 6,000 RSF-run prison detention cases in El Fasher, alongside reports of violations affecting health and education.

Cholera & water crisis: WHO warns Sudan’s cholera outbreak could worsen as conflict, displacement, and rains intensify; in Kordofan, UN says drone attacks are disrupting water supplies and spreading disease, with WHO pre-positioning supplies and running a treatment centre in El Obeid. Human rights in Darfur: Sudan’s National Human Rights Commission says it documented 6,000 detention cases in RSF-run prisons in El Fasher, alongside violations affecting health and education. Health sector rebuilding: Sudan seeks deeper ties with India to boost pharma and healthcare investment, noting Indian medicines already make up over half of Sudan’s pharmaceutical imports. Aid operations under pressure: UN OCHA reports continued drone strikes in North Kordofan are worsening the humanitarian crisis, cutting El Obeid’s water to about 20% of needs and complicating health services. Access to care for civilians: UNICEF and partners report emergency health support for large populations in South Kordofan while children face escalating harm amid the siege-like conditions.

Cholera Alert: The WHO says Sudan’s cholera outbreak is worsening and could spread further as conflict, displacement, and the rainy season intensify conditions; it reports at least 114 deaths and over 1,300 infections, with Darfur and Kordofan hardest hit and humanitarian access severely constrained. Human Rights & Health System Strain: Sudan’s National Human Rights Commission says it documented 6,000 detention cases in RSF-run prisons in El Fasher, alongside violations affecting women and children and damage to health services, with claims that 80% of health institutions have been destroyed. Care on the Ground: QRCS is reported to be running medical convoys for urology and GI endoscopy surgeries, aiming to restore specialized care amid the collapse of routine services. Rebuilding Medicines Supply: Sudan is seeking deeper ties with India’s pharma and healthcare sector, noting Indian medicines already make up more than half of Sudan’s pharmaceutical imports—an effort to stabilize access to essential drugs during reconstruction. War’s Human Cost: Reports highlight Sudan’s “lost generation” as exiled students describe education and future prospects being erased by the conflict.